The human papilloma virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.It is unlikely that there is a person who has never heard of him, because today 12% of the world's population (these are about 660 million people) are infected with HPV.
The situation falls under the definition of an epidemic.For this reason, we will find out what HPV is, how it can be manifested and what can be dangerous.
What is HPV?
It is worth noting that viruses wandering, they have a kind of intelligence.The academic Koznacheev once said that about two tons of "living" living mass "of virus-bacterial handle through the human body goes through his whole life.All of these processes naturally influence the work of genes.
The infection caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) is demonstrated at least once in life in most sexually active people.The highest prevalence is observed in women between the ages of 20 and 24 and men from 25 to 29 years.The reasons that influence the spread of HPV include socio -economic, behavioral and medical and hygienic factors.
How HPV manifests itself
HPV (the family of papillomaviridae) causes the skin and mucous membranes of a person.At the same time, your immune barrier is inferior, which ultimately leads to an increase in the inflammatory process.In other words, the virus into the body brings the growth of lower cells that are not controlled by the immune system, which manifests itself clearly in the form of papillomas, warts and canyl on the skin.Another "focus" of the manifestation of this virus is the uterus.This organ is a kind of "exhaust pipe" in the body because it serves as a direct indicator for the problems available in the body (if available, the concept process is impossible or difficult).The human papilloma virus influences the uterine mucosa and can cause oncology.
Types of HPV
The human papilloma virus can be divided into two categories - a low oncogenic risk and a high oncogenic risk.In most cases, due to strong immunity, the body is a risk (1, 2, 3 and 4 types) due to strong immunity.In rare cases, this type of infection causes the appearance of warts, benign papilloma, precancator lesions and even cancer.HPVs in turn are 16 and 18 types as biological carcinogenic for cervical cancer, vulva, vagina, penis, anus and oropharynx.
Depending on the manifestations of an HPV infection on the genitals, latent, subclinical and clinical forms are differentiated:
- Despite the existence of DNA of the virus, the latent form of HPV infection is not accompanied by morphological changes in the affected tissue.It is possible to determine the asymptomatic presence of this type of infection using molecular biological methods for which it is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the epithelium of the cervix, the vagina and the vulva.With this form, no specific treatment is required.
- Subclinical forms of HPV infection (which usually occur asymptomatic) can be determined in colposcopic and cytological or histological examination.Most of the vaginal flat vagina remains asymptomatic, but often after sexual intercourse, they can cause itching, vaginal discharge or lubricating discharge.
- The clinical form of the infection, which doctors have to face most frequently, is mainly manifested in the form of warts and papillary formations, which usually occur in places that are violated in sexual contacts.Their appearance and other relapses are associated with the weakening of general and local immunity.An important nuance is that from the moment of infection to the appearance of warts from several weeks to several years.The average time between infections and their appearance is 11-12 months for men and up to six months young women.
Cervical cancer - how dangerous is it?
To understand how often and dangerous this disease is, it is sufficient to examine the numbers.Around 530 thousand cases of cervical cancer (RSM) are recorded annually in the world - it is fourth in the world in the prevalence of cancer in women.If we look at the structure of mortality in women under the age of 45, the death of cervical cancer is in the first place.
How can I get infected with HPV?
The most common type of infection are vaginal and oral sexual contacts, even without penetration.
Even a time contact with a probability of 80% leads to an infection.It is also possible to infect with oral sexual contact.A child can get a virus from a mother during birth.
Girls who have not reached puberty are most at risk.
The specificity of the virus is that most men and women are infected at the beginning of sexual activity and some are repeatedly infected.
Is infection always the disease?
In a group of people under 30 years of 90% of cases, infection ends with independent healing.The remaining 10% go into the chronic stage, which can continue to go into cervical cancer.This process is very stretched in good time: from the moment of infection to the development of oncology 5-20 years.And cancer does not occur "suddenly", it precedes precancator diseases.Therefore, the disease can be warned or identified in the early stages with a careful attitude of your health.
Cervical cancer in the first stage may not appear symptomatic.It is therefore very important to visit the gynecologist regularly and carry out all recommended exams.Every woman should be treated extremely carefully with a bloody discharge, discharge with an unpleasant smell and pain in the lower abdomen.
How is HPV and RSM diagnosed?
The diagnostic system is very developed today and enables you to achieve a high level of accuracy in the early stages.First of all, screening tests are used, including a cytological examination of the cervix, the tests on HPV -Hohes oncogenes risk and extended colposcopy.
It is recommended to carry out the annual screening of the cervix.Cytological research for women from 21 to 29 years is carried out every 3 years and 30 to 69 years - every 5 years.HPV tests are prescribed by a doctor based on the results of the strokes.
Prevention and treatment of HPV
It is better to prevent diseases than treating - and in the case of HPV, doctors and patients have all the options.A vaccination can be recommended as primary prevention today.The importance of this vaccination is at least demonstrated by the fact that it is included in the national vaccination calendar in many countries.They also make it for all children - both girls and boys.And the experience of such a vaccination has already been accumulated, there is data on effectiveness.In particular, the Australian Minister of Health said that Australia will be the first country in the world without cervical cancer by 2020, precisely because of the mass vaccination since 2007.
As with other viruses, HPV can remove various immunsstimulating products such as colostrum, litter claw, shark liver fat and stimulate the body with different microelements - calcium, magnesium, iodine, zinc, selenium, iron.These trace elements improve immunity and influence the protection of the body from HPV.There is a statement that a matrix zone is formed in the case of an HPV in the body (the first papilloma that emerged under the influence of the virus), and if it is burned and removed, and the likelihood of the occurrence of new new new ones.In the event of a recurring course of the disease, it is recommended to use systemic immune -modulating active ingredients, especially interferons.